对数螺线是一种螺线,其极坐标方程由下式给出
![r=ae^(btheta),](/images/equations/LogarithmicSpiral/NumberedEquation1.svg) |
(1)
|
其中
是到原点的距离,
是从 x 轴的角度,
和
是任意常数。对数螺线也称为生长螺线、等角螺线和奇异螺线。它可以参数化表示为
这种螺线与斐波那契数、黄金比例和黄金矩形有关,有时也称为黄金螺线。
对数螺线可以通过从等距射线构造,方法是从一条射线上的一个点开始,并绘制到相邻射线的垂线。随着射线数量趋于无穷大,线段序列逼近光滑的对数螺线(Hilton et al. 1997,第 2-3 页)。
对数螺线最早由笛卡尔于 1638 年和雅各布·伯努利研究。伯努利对螺线如此着迷,以至于他让人将螺线刻在他的墓碑上(尽管雕刻师没有将其绘制成真实形状),并附上文字“eadem mutata resurgo”(“我将以同样的方式复活,尽管已改变”)。托里切利独立研究了它,并找到了曲线的长度(MacTutor Archive)。
半径的变化率是
![(dr)/(dtheta)=abe^(btheta)=br,](/images/equations/LogarithmicSpiral/NumberedEquation2.svg) |
(4)
|
并且在点
处,切线和径向线之间的角度是
![psi=tan^(-1)(r/((dr)/(dtheta)))=tan^(-1)(1/b)=cot^(-1)b.](/images/equations/LogarithmicSpiral/NumberedEquation3.svg) |
(5)
|
因此,当
时,
,螺线逼近一个圆。
如果
是螺线上的任意点,则从
到原点的螺线长度是有限的。实际上,从点
沿半径向量测得距离原点为
的点
,沿螺线从
到极点的距离恰好是弧长。此外,从原点出发的任何半径与螺线相交的距离都成等比数列(MacTutor Archive)。
对数螺线的弧长(从原点
测量)、曲率和切线角由下式给出
则 Cesàro 方程由下式给出
![skappa=(1-akappasqrt(1+b^2))/b.](/images/equations/LogarithmicSpiral/NumberedEquation4.svg) |
(9)
|
在球面上,类似物是斜航线。
另请参阅
阿基米德螺线,
黄金矩形,
黄金螺线,
对数螺线反射包络线,
对数螺线渐屈线,
对数螺线反曲线,
对数螺线垂足曲线,
对数螺线径向曲线,
老鼠问题,
螺线,
拖网渔船问题,
涡卷
使用 Wolfram|Alpha 探索
参考文献
Archibald, R. C. "The Logarithmic Spiral." Amer. Math. Monthly 25, 189-193, 1918.BioMedNet. "Art Gallery: Spira Mirabilis." http://news.bmn.com/hmsbeagle/89/xcursion/artgalry/.Bourbaki, N. "The Most Mysterious Shape of All." Quantum, 32-35, March/April 1994.Boyadzhiev, K. N. "Spirals and Conchospirals in the Flight of Insects." Coll. Math. J. 30, 23-31, 1999.Cook, T. A. The Curves of Life, Being an Account of Spiral Formations and Their Application to Growth in Nature, To Science and to Art. New York: Dover, 1979.Gray, A. "Logarithmic Spirals." Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Mathematica, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 40-42, 1997.Hilton, P.; Holton, D.; and Pedersen, J. Mathematical Reflections in a Room with Many Mirrors. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997.Lawrence, J. D. A Catalog of Special Plane Curves. New York: Dover, pp. 184-186, 1972.Livio, M. The Golden Ratio: The Story of Phi, the World's Most Astonishing Number. New York: Broadway Books, pp. 116-120, 2002.Lockwood, E. H. "The Equiangular Spiral." Ch. 11 in A Book of Curves. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 98-109, 1967.MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. "Equiangular Spiral." http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Curves/Equiangular.html.Smith, D. E. History of Mathematics, Vol. 2: Special Topics of Elementary Mathematics. New York: Dover, p. 329, 1958.Steinhaus, H. Mathematical Snapshots, 3rd ed. New York: Dover, pp. 132-136, 1999.Thompson, D'Arcy W. Science and the Classics. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 114-147, 1940.Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry. London: Penguin, pp. 67-68, 1991.
请引用为
Weisstein, Eric W. “对数螺线。” 来自 MathWorld--Wolfram Web 资源。 https://mathworld.net.cn/LogarithmicSpiral.html
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