数论是数学中一个广阔而引人入胜的领域，有时被称为“高等算术”，包括对整数性质的研究。 素数 和 素因数分解 在数论中尤其重要，一些函数如 除数函数、黎曼zeta函数 和 欧拉函数 也很重要。在 Ore (1988) 和 Beiler (1966) 中可以找到对数论的出色介绍。关于该主题的经典历史（现在略有过时）是 Dickson (2005abc) 的著作。
在数论中证明相对简单的结果的巨大困难促使高斯这样评论道：“正是这一点赋予了高等算术神奇的魅力，使其成为最伟大数学家最喜爱的科学，更不用说它取之不尽的财富，在这方面它大大超过了数学的其他部分。” 高斯，通常被称为“数学王子”，称数学为“科学女王”，并将数论视为“数学女王”（Beiler 1966，Goldman 1997）。
另请参阅
抽象代数,
加法数论,
代数数论,
解析数论,
算术,
计算数论,
同余,
丢番图方程,
除数函数,
初等数论,
哥德尔第一不完备性定理,
哥德尔第二不完备性定理,
乘法数论,
数论函数,
皮亚诺公理,
素数计数函数,
素因数分解,
素数,
二次互反律,
黎曼zeta函数,
欧拉函数 在 MathWorld 教室中探索此主题
使用 Wolfram|Alpha 探索
参考文献
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数论
如此引用
Weisstein, Eric W. “数论。” 来自 MathWorld——Wolfram Web 资源。 https://mathworld.net.cn/NumberTheory.html
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