Garey 和 Johnson (1983ab) 表明,确定交叉数是一个 NP-完全问题。Buchheim et al. (2008) 使用整数线性规划来制定第一个精确算法,以找到可证明的最佳交叉数。Chimani et al. 随后给出了一个整数线性规划公式,该公式在交叉数高达 37 时可以实际有效,该公式试图通过基于 Buchheim et al. (2008)、Chimani et al. 和作者相关工作的分支定界定价来确定性地找到交叉数。作者提供了一个 Web 表单,请求将此算法应用于提交的图 (Chimani 和 Wiedera)。相比之下,Haythorpe 和同事实现了一种称为 QuickCross 的快速启发式算法,旨在找到图的最优或接近最优的嵌入,如 Clancy et al. (2018) 所讨论的,并且可供下载。
虽然图交叉数允许具有任意形状边(例如,曲线)的图嵌入,但直线交叉数 是直线嵌入图中交叉的最小可能数量。当(非直线)图交叉数满足 时, (Bienstock 和 Dean 1993)。虽然 Bienstock 和 Dean 实际上并没有证明 的情况,但他们表示可以类似于 的情况建立。该结果不能扩展到 ,因为存在图 使得 但 对于任何 。
成立的最小简单图出现在 8 个节点上。下表总结了四个这样的例子。上面说明了 16-胞图和完全图 (Harary 和 Hill 1962-1963) 的最小交叉和直线交叉嵌入。
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