效用问题提出三个房子和三个公用事业公司——例如,煤气、电力和水——并询问是否可以将每个公用事业公司连接到每个房子,而煤气/水/电线/管道不会跨越任何其他线路/管道。这等同于问题“是否可以从三个节点(‘房子’)中的每一个到另三个节点(‘公用事业公司’)中的每一个构建一个平面图?”这个问题最初由 H. E. Dudeney 于 1917 年以这种形式提出 (Gardner 1984, p. 92)。
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